Technological Paradigms and the Measurement of Innovation

نویسنده

  • Bernard Sinclair-Desgagné
چکیده

Reproduction partielle permise avec citation du document source, incluant la notice ©. Short sections may be quoted without explicit permission, provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Ce document est publié dans l'intention de rendre accessibles les résultats préliminaires de la recherche effectuée au CIRANO, afin de susciter des échanges et des suggestions. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l'unique responsabilité des auteurs, et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires. This paper presents preliminary research carried out at CIRANO and aims at encouraging discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners. Résumé / Abstract Cet article propose une définition formelle de la notion de paradigme technologique. Cette définition s'avère compatible avec la proposition fondamentale de l'approche Kuhnienne du développement scientifique, à l'effet que le progrès à long terme des connaissances ne survient que grâce à de brusques changements de paradigme. La présente définition permet aussi de clarifier plusieurs notions, comme celle d'innovation tirée par la demande ou bien poussée par l'offre, d'innovation incrémentale ou bien radicale, ou encore de générations de produits. This paper proposes a formal definition of the notion of technological paradigm. This definition is consistent with the fundamental proposition of Kuhnian philosophy of science, that progress only happens through successive and abrupt shifts of paradigm. It also helps clarifying a number of other notions, such as demand-pulled vs. supply-driven innovation, incremental vs. radical innovation, and present vs. next-generation product. 1 " Effective research scarcely begins before a scientific community thinks it has acquired firm answers to questions like the following: What are the fundamental entities of which the universe is composed? (...) What questions may legitimately be asked about such entities and what techniques employed in seeking solutions? "

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تاریخ انتشار 2000